12.įor defining oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios, the ultrasonographer should use the deepest vertical pocket in either sac: oligohydramnios when 8 cm (II-2B). Umbilical artery Doppler should not be routinely offered in uncomplicated twin pregnancies (I-E). Increased fetal surveillance should be considered when there is either growth restriction diagnosed in one twin or significant growth discordance (II-2A). When ultrasound is used to screen for preterm birth in a twin gestation, endovaginal ultrasound measurement of the cervical length should be performed (II-2A). 8.ĭetailed ultrasound examination to screen for fetal anomalies should be offered, preferably between 18 and 22 weeks' gestation, in all twin pregnancies (II-2B). In twin pregnancies, aneuploidy screening using nuchal transluscency measurements should be offered (II-2B).
However, to avoid missing a situation of early intrauterine growth restriction in one twin, most experts agree that the clinician may consider dating pregnancy using the larger fetus (III-C). There is insufficient evidence to make a recommendation of which fetus (when discordant for size) to use to date a twin pregnancy. When twin pregnancy is the result of in vitro fertilization, accurate determination of gestational age should be made from the date of embryo transfer (II-1A). 4.īeyond the first trimester, it is suggested that a combination of parameters rather than a single parameter should be used to confirm gestational age (II-2C). 3.Īlthough the accuracy in confirmation of gestational age at the first and second trimester is comparable, dating should be done with first trimester ultrasound (II-2A). 2.Įvery attempt should be made to determine and report amnionicity and chorionicity when a twin pregnancy is identified (II-2A).
Growth discordance in monochorionic twins.Īll patients who are suspected to have a twin pregnancy on first trimester physical examination or who are at risk (e.g., pregnancies resulting from assisted reproductive technologies) should have first trimester ultrasound performed (II-2A). Single fetal death in the second or third trimester 6. Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence 5. Referral to an appropriate high-risk pregnancy centre is indicated when complications unique to twins are suspected on ultrasound. 7.Īlthough many methods of evaluating the level of amniotic fluid in twins (deepest vertical pocket, single pocket, amniotic fluid index) have been described, there is not enough evidence to suggest that one method is more predictive than the others of adverse pregnancy outcome (II-3). Umbilical artery Doppler may be useful in the surveillance of twin gestations when there are complications involving the placental circulation or fetal hemodynamic physiology (II-2).
#Twins sonogram serial#
5.Īlthough there is insufficient evidence to recommend a specific schedule for ultrasound assessment of twin gestation, most experts recommend serial ultrasound assessment every 2 to 3 weeks, starting at 16 weeks of gestation for monochorionic pregnancies and every 3 to 4 weeks, starting from the anatomy scan (18 to 22 weeks) for dichorionic pregnancies (II-1). It is suggested that growth discordance be defined using either a difference (20 mm) in absolute measurement in abdominal circumference or a difference of 20% in ultrasound-derived estimated fetal weight (II-2).
Singleton growth curves currently provide the best predictors of adverse outcome in twins and may be used for evaluating growth abnormalities (III) 4. There are insufficient data to recommend a routine preterm labour surveillance protocol in terms of frequency, timing, and optimal cervical length thresholds (II-2). Therefore, a complete anatomical survey at each scan may not be needed following a complete and normal assessment (III). There are insufficient data to make recommendations on repeat anatomical assessments in twin pregnancies.
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